Rajasthan Cropping Pattern

Rajasthan Cropping Pattern

Cropping pattern means the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. The crop statistics published by the governments are used to denote the cropping patterns. Cropping pattern is, however, a dynamic concept as it changes over space and time.The cropping patterns of a region are closely influenced by the geo-climatic, socio-cultural, economic, historical and political factors. The physical environment (physiographic, climate, soils and water) imposes limits on the growth and distribution of plants and animals.

Depending on the terrain, topography, slope, temperature, amount and reliability of rainfall, soils and availability of water for irrigation, the cropping patterns varyfrom region to region.

Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan

Zone	Area	Total Area (million ha)	District Covered	Average Rainfall (mm)	Temp OC		Major Crops		Soils	Agriculture Research Station
Zone	Area	Total Area (million ha)	District Covered	Average Rainfall (mm)	*Max.*	*Min*	*Kharif*	*Rabi*	Soils	Agriculture Research Station
IA	Arid western plain	4.74	Barmer & part of Jodhpur	200-370	40.0	8.0	Pearlmillet Mothbean Sesame	Wheat, Mustard, Cumin	Desert soils and sand dunes aeolian soil, coarse sand in texture some places calcareous	Mandore, Jodhpur
IB	Irrigated north western plain	2.10	Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh	100-350	42.0	4.7	Cotton, Clusterbean	Wheat, Mustard, Gram	Alluvial deposites calcareous, high soluble salts & exchangeable sodium	Ganganagar
IC	Hyper arid partial irrigated zone	7.70	Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Churu	100-350	48.0	3.0	Pearlmillet Mothbean Clusterbean	Wheat, Mustard, Gram	Desert soils and sand dunes aeolian soil, loamycoarse in texture & calcareous	Beechwal Bikaner
IIA	Internal drainage dry zone	3.69	Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Part of Churu	300-500	39.7	5.3	Pearlmillet Clusterbean Pulses	Mustard, Gram	Sandy loam, sallow depth red soils in depressions	Fatehpur, Sikar
IIB	Transitional plain of Luni basin	3.00	Jalore, Pali, Part of Sirohi, Jodhpur	300-500	38.0	4.9	Pearlmillet Clusterbean sesame	Wheat, Mustard	Red desert soils in Jodhopur, Jalore & Pali sierzems in Pali & Sirohi	Keshwana, Jalore
IIIA	Semi arid eastern plains	2.96	Jaipur, Ajmer, Dausa, Tonk	500-700	40.6	8.3	Pearlmillet Clusterbean Sorghum	Wheat, Mustard, Gram	Sierozens, eastern part alluvial, west north west lithosols, foot hills, brown soils	Durgapura, Jaipur
IIIB	Flood prone eastern plain	2.77	Alwar, Dholpur, Bharatpur, Karoli, S.Madhopur	500-700	40.0	8.2	Pearlmillet Clusterbean Groundnut	Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Gram	Alluvial prone to water logging, nature of recently alluvial calcareous has been observed	Navgaun, Alwar
IVA	Sub-humid southern plains	3.36	Bhilwara, Sirohi, Udaipur, Chittorgarh	500-900	38.6	8.1	Maize, Pulses, Sorghum	Wheat, Gram	Soil are lithosolsat foot hills & alluvials in plains	Udaipur
IVB	Humid sothern plains	1.72	Dungarpur, Udaipur, Banswara, Chittorgarh	500-1100	39.0	7.2	Maize, Paddy Sorghum Blackgram	Wheat, Gram	Predominantly reddish medium texture, well drained calcareous, shallow on hills, deep soils in valleys
V	Humid south eastern plain	2.70	Kota, Jhalawar, Bundi, Baran	650-1000	42.6	10.6	Sorghum Soyabean	Wheat, Mustard	Black of alluvial origin, clay loam, groundwater salinity	Ummedganj, Kota

Land-Use pattern in Rajasthan state

S.N Land Use Details Area (in lakh hactare)

1 Total Geographical area 342.66

2 Forest 26.60

3 Non agriculture use 17.60

4 Barren & unculturable land 24.98

5 Area unfit for cultivation (3+4) 42.59

6 Cultivable wasteland 45.46

7 Pasture 17.08

8 Land under misc trees crops& groves 0.14

9 Uncultivated land excluding fallows (6+7+8) 62.69

10 Fallow 36.82

11 Net Area sown 173.94

12 Gross area sown 216.64

13 Net area Irrigated 52.39

14 Gross Area irrigated 63.93

15 Cultivable land(6+10+11) 256.22

16 Rainfed cultivable land (6+10+11-13) 203.83

Culturable Wasteland is highest in Ajmer, Alwar and Jaisalmer and minimum at Hanumangarh, Jhunjhunu and Bharatpur. Fallow lands other than current fallow cover the highest area in Alwar, Ajmer and Jodhpur whereas they are lowest at Karauli, Dholpur and Bharatpur. The current fallow land covers the highest area in Ajmer, Alwar and Barmer whereas the lowest are at Karauli, Banswara and Rajsamand.

Under the category of Net Area Sown and Net Area Sown more than once Ajmer and Alwar stand on the top two positions with Barmer and Hanumangarh at the third positions respectively. Dhoplur, Dungarpur and Rajsamand are the lowest three in the category of Net Area Sown and Dungarpur, Sirohi and Rajsamand are the last three of Net Area Sown more than once.

It can be seen that the western districts of Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Barmer have large stretches of sandy soils therefore a very high percentage of cultivable waste and fallow land is present in the region. The net sown area is also less than the other types of land uses here. Higher percentage of seasonal pasture lands exist in Barmer, Jodhpur, Jalore and Nagaur districts. Generally, Forest areas are evidently absent in the entire western Rajasthan Churu, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Pali and Jalore districts lying in the mid western districts of arid and the semi arid zone support only rain-fed crops in this area and because of low rainfall the percentage of fallow land is quite high. The net sown area is the highest in the semi-arid zone and the sub-humid parts of eastern Rajasthan which also accounts for extensive agriculture. Due to the presence of hilly terrain in parts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Kota and Baran districts the percentage of cultivable waste and the land put to non agricultural use is highest.

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