Flagship Central Government Programs Implemented by States During the 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
Introduction: The 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) in India witnessed the implementation of several flagship programs by the Central Government, executed through the respective state governments. These programs aimed to address critical national development challenges across various sectors. This response will list key programs and concisely state their objectives, adhering to a factual approach. While a comprehensive list is difficult without access to a complete official government record, this response will cover some of the most prominent initiatives.
Body:
1. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), 2005 (Renamed Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, MGNREGA): The objective was to guarantee 100 days of wage employment in rural areas to enhance livelihood security and rural infrastructure development.
2. National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 (though enacted later, implementation began during the 11th Plan): The objective was to provide subsidized food grains to a significant portion of the population to ensure food security. (Note: While the Act itself was passed later, its foundational groundwork and initial implementation phases fell within the 11th Plan period.)
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): The objective was to connect all unconnected eligible habitations in rural areas with all-weather roads to improve rural connectivity and accessibility.
4. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): The objective was to improve the health status of rural populations through better healthcare infrastructure, human resources, and service delivery.
5. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): The objective was to achieve universal elementary education by providing free and compulsory education to all children aged 6-14 years.
6. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): The objective was to improve the infrastructure and services in urban areas, focusing on slums, water supply, sanitation, and transportation.
7. National Health Mission (NHM) – (Though officially launched later, its initial phases overlapped with the 11th Plan): The objective was to improve the overall health indicators of the nation by strengthening health systems and focusing on maternal and child health.
Note: Many other centrally sponsored schemes were implemented during this period, often with state-level variations. This list represents some of the most significant and widely recognized flagship programs. Detailed information on specific state-level implementation variations would require accessing individual state government reports for the period.
Conclusion:
The 11th Five-Year Plan saw a significant push towards inclusive growth through the implementation of several flagship programs by the Central Government in collaboration with the states. These programs aimed to address critical issues like poverty, hunger, health, education, and infrastructure development, primarily in rural and urban areas. While the success of these programs varied across states and regions, their impact on improving the lives of millions of Indians is undeniable. Moving forward, continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management are crucial to optimize the effectiveness of such programs and ensure their long-term sustainability, aligning with the constitutional mandate of social justice and equitable development. A focus on data-driven decision-making and participatory approaches involving local communities will be vital for achieving holistic and sustainable development goals.
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