Geography DMPQ

An eclipse of the Sun happens when the New Moon moves between the Sun and Earth, blocking out the Sun’s rays and casting a shadow on parts of Earth. The Moon’s shadow is not big enough to engulf the entire planet, so the shadow is always limited to a certain area (see map illustrations below). This area changes during … Read more

Soil is defined as upper layer of the earth composed of loose surface material. It is a mixture of many substances including endless variety of minerals, remnants of plants and animals, water and air. It is the end product of continuing interaction between the parent material, local climate, plant and animal organisms and elevation of … Read more

When the wind blows parallel to a coastline, surface waters are pushed offshore and water is drawn from below to replace the water that has been pushed away. The upward movement of this deep, colder water is called upwelling. The deeper water that rises to the surface during upwelling is rich in nutrients. These nutrients … Read more

. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular cycle of change in wind and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Nino and the cooling phase as La Nina. This sea … Read more

It is the lower most layer of atmosphere. It extends up to 18km at equator, 13 km at midlatitude and about 8km at poles.It contains approximately 90% of the total mass of the atmosphere.The entire weather phenomenon takes place in this layer. It contains all the watervapour, dust particles, clouds etc. In troposphere the temperature … Read more

Most of our knowledge about the interior of the earth is largely based on estimates and inferences. Yet, a part of the information is obtained through direct observations and analysis of materials. The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Gold mines in South Africa … Read more

High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in certain human populations, including those of Tibet in Asia, the Andes of the Americas, and Ethiopia in Africa, who have acquired the ability to survive at extremely high altitudes. People living in high altitude can  inhale more air with each breath and breathe more … Read more

Pre-disaster preventive measures Re-framing buildings’ codes, guidelines, manuals and byelaws and their strict implementation .Tougher legislation for highly seismic areas. Incorporating earthquake resistant features in all buildings in high-risk areas. Making all public utilities like water supply systems, communication networks, electricity lines, earthquake-proof. Creating alternative arrangements to reduce damages to infrastructure facilities. Constructing earthquake-resistant community … Read more

The continental shelf is the extended margin of each continent occupied by relatively shallow seas and gulfs. It is the shallowest part of the ocean showing an average gradient of 1° or even less.  The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break. Geographical significance: The continental shelves are covered with … Read more

The term irrigation efficiency expresses the performance of a complete irrigation system or components of the system. Irrigation efficiency is defined as the ratio between the amount of water used to meet the consumptive use requirement of crop plus that necessary to maintain a favourable salt balance in the crop root zone to the total … Read more