Paper IV APPSC Mains

Highlights of current year’s union budget and its analysis Highlights of the budget,2019 Income up to Rs 5 lakh exempted from income tax Standard deduction raised to Rs 50,000 from Rs 40,000 Direct tax proposals to provide Rs 23,000 cr relief to 3 crore taxpayers Persons with gross income up to Rs 6.50 lakh not … Read more Highlights of 2019’s union budget and its analysis

Pricing of public utilities and government policy Priority to public There are a number of principles which govern the pricing of public utility services. There are public utilities like education, sewage, roads, etc. which may be supplied free to the public and their costs should be covered through general taxation. Dalton calls it the general … Read more Pricing of public utilities and government policy

Recomendations of the 14th Finance commission Article 280 of the Constitution of India requires the Constitution of a Finance Commission every five years, or earlier.  For the period from 1st April, 2015 to 31st March, 2020,  the 14th Finance Commission (FFC) was constituted by the orders of President on 2nd January, 2013 and submitted its … Read more Recomendations of the 14th Finance commission

Government market borrowings, loans and grants There are two types of borrowings : Internal borrowings External borrowings There is third mean of public loan i.e. other liabilities Internal borrowings Internal debt or domestic debt is the part of the total government debt in a country that is owed to lenders within the country. Internal debt’s … Read more Government market borrowings, loans and grants

Urban environment An urban environment is the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areas have nonagricultural jobs. Urban areas are very developed, meaning there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. Natural urban environment The natural urban environment incorporates not only parks and gardens but … Read more Urban environment

Environmental problems related to infrastructure development Infrastructure is essential for increasing economic progress and reducing poverty. The choices made in the type and scale of infrastructure investment also have major implications for environmental sustainability. Land New infrastructure typically involves land use change and the selection of the site and its proximity to human settlement will … Read more Environmental problems related to infrastructure development

Public Private partnership for inclusive growth Public private partnerships have become increasingly popular in government policy. Especially in the domain of international cooperation and development aid, an increasing part of the budget is spent on public private partnerships. The expectation is that this will enhance the efficiency of public good provisioning, improve local representation and … Read more Public Private partnership for inclusive growth

National Investment & Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) National Investment & Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) are one of the important instruments of National Manufacturing Policy, 2011. NIMZs are envisaged as large areas of developed land with the requisite ecosystem for promoting world class manufacturing activity. So far, three NIMZs namely Prakasam (Andhra Pradesh), Sangareddy (Telangana) and Kalinganagar (Odisha) … Read more National Investment & Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)

Communication infrastructure of India The Communication Industry in India is one of the rapidly emerging sectors in India. The growth in communication industry is triggered by an increase in the revenues generated from both landline and mobile facilities. Telecommunication is the transmission of messages over distances for the purpose of communication. Telecommunications play an important … Read more Communication infrastructure of India

Insufficient Financial Resources and Deficiency Of Capital   The financial sector and its role in the process of economic development has attracted notable attention since the early 1990s. In particular, the crucial need for a stable banking system was highlighted in the wake of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. The rapid influx … Read more Insufficient Financial Resources and Deficiency Of Capital