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What Constitutes the “Basic Structure” of the Indian Constitution? Introduction: The concept of “basic structure” of the Indian Constitution is a cornerstone of Indian constitutional law. It emerged from judicial pronouncements to safeguard the fundamental tenets of the Constitution against amendments that would alter its core character. While the Constitution itself doesn’t explicitly define “basic … Read more

Amending the Indian Constitution: Procedure and Criticisms Introduction: The Indian Constitution, the world’s longest written constitution, is a living document designed to adapt to evolving societal needs. Its amendment procedure, outlined in Article 368, is a crucial aspect of this adaptability. However, the process, while aiming for stability, has also faced significant criticism regarding its … Read more

The Relative Position of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha in the Indian Political System Introduction: The Indian Parliament, a bicameral legislature, comprises two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). While both are integral to the legislative process, their relative positions differ significantly, reflecting the federal structure … Read more

Judicial Activism in India: Impact on the Polity Introduction: Judicial activism refers to the phenomenon where judges, particularly in higher courts, actively shape public policy through their interpretations of laws and constitutions. It goes beyond the traditional role of merely interpreting existing laws and involves a more proactive approach to addressing societal issues. While there’s … Read more

Financial Relations Between the Union and States in India: A Brief Commentary Introduction: India’s federal structure necessitates a complex system of financial relations between the Union (Central) government and the States. The Constitution outlines the division of powers and revenue sources, aiming for a balance between autonomy for states and national unity. However, this arrangement … Read more

Cooperative Federalism in India: A Critical Analysis Introduction: Cooperative federalism is a model of governance where the central and state governments work together collaboratively to achieve common goals. It contrasts with other models like unitary systems (where the central government holds supreme power) and federal systems with strict separation of powers. Unlike a purely federal … Read more

Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in India Introduction: The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, incorporates Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) in Part IV (Articles 36-51). Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are justiciable and enforceable by courts, DPSPs are non-justiciable, meaning they are not directly enforceable in courts … Read more

The Indian Constitution: Federal in Form, Unitary in Spirit? A Critical Analysis Introduction: The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, is often described as a paradox: federal in form but unitary in spirit. This seemingly contradictory statement highlights the complex interplay between federal and unitary features within the Indian governance structure. While the Constitution explicitly establishes … Read more

The Razakars: Resistance to the Integration of Hyderabad State into India Introduction: The integration of princely states into the newly independent Indian Union in 1947 was a complex and often violent process. Hyderabad State, the largest princely state in India, presented a particularly challenging case. Ruled by the Nizam, a Muslim ruler in a predominantly … Read more

The Rise and Fall of the Telangana Armed Struggle: A Historical Analysis Introduction: The Telangana armed peasant movement, spanning from 1946 to 1951, represents a significant chapter in Indian history. It was a large-scale rebellion against the Nizam’s feudal rule in the Hyderabad State, characterized by widespread peasant participation and a unique blend of communist … Read more