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Selfish Attitude: The Sole Cause of Environmental Degradation? A Critical Discussion Introduction: Environmental degradation, encompassing deforestation, pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss, poses a significant threat to global sustainability. While the assertion that a selfish human attitude is the sole cause is a simplification, it undeniably plays a crucial role. The concept of “selfishness” in … Read more

Critically Analyzing India’s Public Debt (1991-Present) Introduction: India’s public debt, encompassing both internal and external borrowings, has undergone significant transformations since the 1991 economic liberalization. While debt is a necessary tool for financing public goods and infrastructure development, excessive or poorly managed debt can hinder economic growth and stability. This analysis critically examines the causes … Read more

Demonetisation in India: Objectives, Impact, and the Cashless Economy Introduction: On November 8th, 2016, the Indian government announced a sudden demonetisation policy, rendering 500 and 1000 rupee notes – then accounting for 86% of the currency in circulation – invalid overnight. The stated objectives were to curb black money, counterfeit currency, and terrorism financing, and … Read more

Relative Poverty in India: Causes and Measurement Introduction: Poverty is a multifaceted issue, broadly categorized into absolute and relative poverty. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing, typically defined by a fixed income threshold. Relative poverty, the focus of this question, is a more nuanced concept. It defines … Read more

Universal Basic Income (UBI): A Pathway to Gandhi’s Vision? Introduction: The Economic Survey 2016-17 linked the concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) to Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of eradicating poverty and suffering. Gandhi’s aspiration, “wiping every tear from every eye,” encapsulates a desire for a society free from want and despair. UBI, a system where all … Read more

The Salient Features of the National Manufacturing Policy and its Role in Employment Generation Introduction: India’s National Manufacturing Policy (NMP), unveiled in 2011, aimed to boost the manufacturing sector’s contribution to GDP from 16% to 25% by 2022. While the target wasn’t fully achieved, the policy introduced several significant reforms. This response will analyze the … Read more

The Aim of Economic Reforms in India: Enhancing Competitiveness and Growth Introduction: India’s economic reforms, initiated in 1991, marked a significant shift from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented one. Driven by a balance of payments crisis, these reforms aimed to revitalize the stagnant economy, improve its international competitiveness, and accelerate economic growth. … Read more

What is Human Development? Discussing the Importance and Measurement of the Gross National Happiness Index Introduction: Human development, as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is “the process of enlarging people’s choices. These choices are central to the process of development because it is people who are the ultimate beneficiaries of development.” This … Read more

The Shifting Sands of India’s Sectoral Income Contribution: A Post-Independence Analysis Introduction: India’s journey since independence has been marked by a dramatic transformation in its economic structure. The sectoral contribution to national income, primarily divided into agriculture, industry, and services, reflects this evolution. Understanding this shift is crucial for comprehending India’s development trajectory and assessing … Read more